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Command words: what the examiner actually wants

Every exam question hides a signal in one word: evaluate, suggest, explain, describe. Read it wrong, lose the marks. Every word across AQA, Edexcel and OCR, side by side.

Why this matters: command words aren’t obvious. “Compare” is not “contrast.” “Suggest” is not “explain.” Mark schemes are built around these words — miss the signal and you can know the content cold and still drop marks.
Command word AQAWhat it means EdexcelWhat it means OCRWhat it means
The big ones Command words used across almost every subject.
Analyse Break down information to show relationships and draw supported conclusions using evidence. Break down information to show relationships and draw supported conclusions using evidence. Break down information to show relationships and draw supported conclusions using evidence.
Assess Weigh up the importance of different factors to make an informed judgement. Weigh up the importance of different factors to make an informed judgement.
Calculate Work out a numerical answer using mathematical methods, showing clear working. Work out a numerical answer using mathematical methods, showing clear working. Work out a numerical answer using mathematical methods, showing clear working.
Choose Select from given options
Compare Identify similarities and/or differences between two or more items. Identify similarities and/or differences between two or more items. Identify similarities and/or differences between two or more items.
Complete Fill in missing information in a table, diagram, or sentence. Fill in missing information in a table, diagram, or sentence. Fill in missing information in a table, diagram, or sentence.
Construct Create an accurate geometric figure using appropriate instruments. Create an accurate geometric figure using appropriate instruments. Create an accurate geometric figure using appropriate instruments.
Define Give the precise meaning of a term or concept. Give the precise meaning of a term or concept.
Describe Give an account of something with relevant detail and development. Give an account of something with relevant detail and development. Give an account of something with relevant detail and development.
Discuss Consider different aspects or arguments, giving points for and against. Consider different aspects or arguments, giving points for and against. Consider different aspects or arguments, giving points for and against.
Draw Construct a diagram, graph, or chart accurately with correct labelling. Construct a diagram, graph, or chart accurately with correct labelling. Construct a diagram, graph, or chart accurately with correct labelling.
Estimate Find an approximate value using rounded numbers or sensible approximations. Find an approximate value using rounded numbers or sensible approximations. Find an approximate value using rounded numbers or sensible approximations.
Evaluate Weigh up arguments for and against to reach a justified, supported judgement. Weigh up arguments for and against to reach a justified, supported judgement. Weigh up arguments for and against to reach a justified, supported judgement.
Explain Give reasons or justifications for something with clear reasoning. Give reasons or justifications for something with clear reasoning. Give reasons or justifications for something with clear reasoning.
Give Provide a short, specific piece of information such as a name, reason, or value. Provide a short, specific piece of information such as a name, reason, or value. Provide a short, specific piece of information such as a name, reason, or value.
How Describe the method, process, or mechanism by which something occurs. Make a judgement about the extent to which something is true. Find a numerical count or frequency
Identify Select or name a specific item, feature, or piece of information from given options or resources. Select or name a specific item, feature, or piece of information from given options or resources. Select or name a specific item, feature, or piece of information from given options or resources.
Justify Give evidence or reasons to support an answer, decision, or viewpoint. Give evidence or reasons to support an answer, decision, or viewpoint. Give evidence or reasons to support an answer, decision, or viewpoint.
Name Provide the correct term, example, or identification. Provide the correct term, example, or identification.
Outline Set out main characteristics or general principles
Plot Mark points accurately on a grid or graph, often to produce a line or curve. Mark points accurately on a grid or graph, often to produce a line or curve. Mark points accurately on a grid or graph, often to produce a line or curve.
Predict Suggest what will happen based on given information, knowledge, or a trend. Suggest what will happen based on given information, knowledge, or a trend. Suggest what will happen based on given information, knowledge, or a trend.
Prove Use logical reasoning and known facts to establish the truth of a statement. Use logical reasoning and known facts to establish the truth of a statement. Use logical reasoning and known facts to establish the truth of a statement.
Shade Select correct answer(s) in a multiple-choice format
Show Provide a logical sequence of steps to verify or demonstrate a given result. Provide a logical sequence of steps to verify or demonstrate a given result. Provide a logical sequence of steps to verify or demonstrate a given result.
Simplify Express an algebraic expression or numerical term in its simplest form. Express an algebraic expression or numerical term in its simplest form. Express an algebraic expression or numerical term in its simplest form.
Sketch Draw a freehand diagram or graph showing key features without precise plotting. Draw a freehand diagram or graph showing key features without precise plotting. Draw a freehand diagram or graph showing key features without precise plotting.
Solve Find the value(s) of an unknown that satisfy an equation or inequality. Find the value(s) of an unknown that satisfy an equation or inequality. Find the value(s) of an unknown that satisfy an equation or inequality.
State Give a brief, factual answer without explanation or elaboration. Give a brief, factual answer without explanation or elaboration. Give a brief, factual answer without explanation or elaboration.
Suggest Apply knowledge to propose a plausible idea, reason, or method for a new situation. Apply knowledge to propose a plausible idea, reason, or method for a new situation. Apply knowledge to propose a plausible idea, reason, or method for a new situation.
Tick Select the correct answer(s) from a list of given options. Select the correct answer(s) from a list of given options. Select the correct answer(s) from a list of given options.
Use Apply given information, graph, table, or diagram to answer the question. Apply given information, graph, table, or diagram to answer the question. Apply given information, graph, table, or diagram to answer the question.
What Recall or identify a specific piece of information Define or identify. Interpret the meaning of a term or feature
Which Select from a given set of options. Select from a given set of options.
Why Asks for a reason (similar to 'Explain').
Work out Perform a calculation to find a numerical answer. Perform a calculation to find a numerical answer. Perform a calculation to find a numerical answer.
Write State or record an answer, expression, or statement directly. State or record an answer, expression, or statement directly. State or record an answer, expression, or statement directly.
The science ones Show up mainly in Biology, Chemistry and Physics.
Add/Label Requires the addition or labelling of a stimulus material given in the question, for example labelling a diagram or adding units to a table.
Comment on Requires the synthesis of a number of variables from data/information to form a judgement.
Deduce Draw a conclusion from the information provided. Draw a conclusion from the information provided.
Design Plan or invent a procedure from existing principles/ideas.
Determine Use given information to establish a fact, value, or outcome. The answer must have an element that is quantitative from the stimulus provided, or must show how the answer can be reached quantitatively.
Devise Plan an experiment or procedure.
Give a reason/reasons When a statement has been made and the requirement is only to give the reason(s) why.
Interpret Explain the meaning of data, information, or a graphical representation. Explain the meaning of data, information, or a graphical representation.
Label Add identifying words to a specified part of a diagram.
Measure Determine a value from a diagram or apparatus
Place Put items in a specific order or sequence.
Plan Design a valid investigation method to test a hypothesis.
Recall Remember and write down a specific fact. Remember and write down a specific fact.
Select Choose from given options.
What / Why / Which Direct command words used for multiple-choice questions.
Where Identify a location or site.
The humanities ones Used in History, Geography, Religious Studies and similar.
Examine Investigate closely using evidence from resources. Investigate closely using evidence from resources.
How significant Evaluate the importance of something.
How useful Evaluate the value of a source for a particular enquiry
Using Refer to information from a specified source
What term A variant of 'Identify' used specifically for multiple-choice questions asking for key sociological terminology.
The maths ones Used in Maths (and sometimes Sciences).
Answer Respond to a question, often requiring interpretation
Change Convert a quantity from one unit to another.
Circle Select the correct answer by drawing a circle around it Identify a point or outlier on a graph
Convert Change from one unit or form to another
Decide Make a judgement based on calculation or reasoning
Enlarge Draw a shape similar to a given shape by a scale factor
Expand Multiply out brackets in an algebraic expression. Multiply out brackets in an algebraic expression.
Express Write an answer or relationship in a specified form. Write an answer or relationship in a specified form.
Factorise Express an algebraic expression as a product of its factors.
Find Determine a value, expression, or result from given information or calculation. Determine a value, expression, or result from given information or calculation.
Give a reason Provide a justification or supporting fact for a statement or conclusion. Provide a justification or supporting fact for a statement or conclusion.
Insert Place a symbol or number into an expression
List Write down a set of items, often in a systematic order. Write down a set of items, often in a systematic order.
Make Rearrange a formula to change the subject.
Make an accurate drawing Construct a shape to given dimensions using instruments
Mark Indicate a specific point or feature on a provided diagram.
Match Pair items from one set with corresponding items from another
Put in order Arrange numbers or expressions from smallest to largest (or vice versa)
Rationalise Rewrite a surd expression with rational denominator
Rearrange Change the subject of a formula. Change the subject of a formula.
Represent Show information graphically or symbolically
The rest Board-specific or subject-specific outliers.
Recommend Present a justified course of action.
Using Figure/Table Extract and use information from the given stimulus material.

Full board-specific guides

Need depth on one board — full definitions, what examiners want, and a realistic exam-question example for every word? Here you go.